is white clover native to north america

It is a herbaceous perennial plant. Greenlands Flora 326 pp. Show It is a herbaceous, perennial plant. New Phytologist 118, no. 1993. It has been widely introduced worldwide as a forage crop, and is now also common in most grassy areas (lawns and gardens) of North America and New Zealand. Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de Panamá 1–599. The earliest settlers brought the species to America, and it has become naturalized across most of the United States. The species includes varieties often classed as small, i… Species of flowering plant in the bean family Fabaceae, Companion planting, green manure, and cover crops. Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Northwest Territories Canada i–viii, 1–607. All images and text © Note: when native and non-native The species name, repens, is Latin for "creeping". Cambridge University Press. It grows well in our climate, even on sandy soils. Pharmaceutical Biology 42: 656–658. It is also claimed to be native to Canada and the United States, but this is doubtful. It is commonly used to improve pasture and for livestock feed. Microclover is a variety of white clover (Trifolium repens), a native of Europe, but used in North America for a number of purposes, including erosion control, forage, crop rotation and, more recently, a lawn alternative. FACU). populations both exist in a county, only native status Penn State University Extension. Gayana, Botánica 42: 1–157. To reuse an 1980. All rights reserved. Trifolium repens, the white clover (also known as Dutch clover, Ladino clover, or Ladino), is a herbaceous perennial plant in the bean family Fabaceae (previously referred to as Leguminosae). Most of the clover species in Florida are not native. Non-native: introduced Nearly all prefer rich, damp soils, such as cool streambanks. Since then, more populations have been found in the US but it still remains one of the most imperiled plants in North America. Tangpu, V., Temjenmongla & Yadav, A. K. 2004. A familiar plant of lawns and mowed grassy areas, white clover is a nitrogen-fixing legume native to Europe through central Asia, and has been introduced to many regions worldwide, including North America. "Stimulation of vesicular‐arbuscular mycorrhizal formation and growth of white clover by flavonoid compounds." Marticorena, C. & M. Quezada. Journal of Animal Science 73, no. perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Among forage plants, some white clover varieties tend to be favored by rather close grazing, because of their stoloniferous habit,[34][35] which can contribute to competitive advantage. It has been widely introduced elsewhere in the world as a pasture crop, and is also common in many grassy areas in North America. Flowers Flower tea used for rheumatism and gout. unintentionally); has become naturalized. Orr, R. J., A. J. Parsons, P. D. Penning, and T. T. Treacher. It is commonly used to improve pasture and for livestock feed. in 20 years). The stems function as stolons, so white clover often forms mats, with the stems creeping as much as 18 cm (7.1 in) a year, and rooting at the nodes. In fact, as of this writing in May, 2014, all four Trifolium species represented on USWildflowers.com are introduced. However, one can, but only rarely, possess four leaflets. Reproduction: Seeds and stolons: Toxicity: White clover can cause bloat in livestock but death is extremely rare. White clover is commonly grown in mixtures with forage grasses, e.g. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá. Lane, L. A., J. F. Ayres and J. V. Lovett. 1985. [18] [19][20][21] Additionally, it is possible that one of the diploid ancestors has yet to be analyzed, either because it has not been discovered or is extinct.[22]. [42], Repens means 'creeping' or 'stoloniferous'.[42]. We depend on Carlsson, G., and K. Huss-Danell. Flowers are attractive to bees. Notes Like many clovers, white clover contains the estrogenic isoflavone genistein which has cancer-preventative and antioxidant activity. Known for its 3-leaflet pattern and white flower heads, it is commonly considered a lawn weed. It is from the Fabaceae family and the common names are Dutch clover, White shamrock, Whiteclover and Shamrock. White clover has been used as a forage in North America since Colonial times. Plant this perennial clover as a cover crop, groundcover, for erosion control or in your pasture mixture. It is native to Europe, including the British Isles,[3] and central Asia and is one of the most widely cultivated types of clover. state. Gledhill, David (2008). Native or not, there's no question true clovers are an integral part of flora in North America, where they now serve as host plants for many species of native butterflies and moths. Trifolium repens State documented: documented [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] The species includes varieties often classed as small, intermediate and large, according to height, which reflects petiole length. Henning, J. C. and H. N. Wheaton. White clover. those considered historical (not seen in 20 years). Benefits of Clover. White clover, native to Eurasia and North Africa but well naturalized to North America, is probably our most common clover. [15] The flowers are mostly visited by bumblebees[16] and often by honey bees. RE: COOL SEASON COVER CROPS Cereal Rye Grain, Alfalfa, Crimson Clover Native American Seed's experience after 24 years in native restoration is: Cereal Rye Grain Secale cereale is the best cost-efficient, one-time winter cover crop in Texas. Native Plant Trust or respective copyright holders. RI, "Sward composition, animal performance and the potential production of grass/white clover swards continuously stocked with sheep." Copyright: various copyright holders. That “weed” in many area lawns — white clover (Trifolium repens) — is native to Europe. Richard H. Uva, Joseph C. Neal and Joseph M. Ditomaso, Elgersma, Anjo, and Jan Hassink. and T. occidentale Coombe All rights reserved. Ranges throughout North America. The foliage is browsed by white-tailed deer with little detriment to this vigorous plant. Native in Europe and Asia, naturalized in North America. "Nitrogen fixation in perennial forage legumes in the field." "The pastoral significance, adaptive characteristics, and grazing value of white clover (, Caradus, J. R. "Genetic diversity within white clover (, Yadav, A. K. 2004. [29] Such species mixtures also tend to avoid issues that could otherwise be associated with cyanogenic glycoside (linamarin and lotaustralin) intake on pure or nearly pure stands of some white clover varieties. Both of these are native to Eurasia; the Red Clover is also native to northwest Africa. White, ladino and sweet clover. It is low growing, with heads of whitish flowers, often with a tinge of pink or cream that may come on with the aging of the plant. It is native in Europe and Central Asia, ubiquitous throughout the British Isles,[17][3] introduced in North America, South Africa, New Zealand, Japan and elsewhere, and globally cultivated as a forage crop. Found this plant? 2 (2003): 353-372. AGR-93. Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. CT, MA, ME, [citation needed] They are not easy for humans to digest raw, however, but this is easily fixed by boiling the harvested plants for 5–10 minutes. Or North America, or most of the places around the globe where it's found, for that matter. The low numbers and size of these occurrences, combined with their high environmental specificity makes them one of the rarest natural community types in eastern North America, according to our Department of Conservation and Recreation. Blackwell Publishing. Therefore, it took 231 years from the time honey bees were first introduced to North America in 1622, until they made their appearance in California in 1853. Grass and Forage Science 45, no. 2020 White clover is a type of clover that is native to most of Europe, Great Britain, North Africa as well as North America. Take a photo and Flower color: White, lavender MOST TRUE MINTS are not native but were introduced to North America, although at least one native species is widely distributed, the wild field mint (Mentha arvensis). 556 pp. Several of the more common reasons are listed below. (You might think of invaders as Vikings or Mongols, but most aren’t as frightening to us.) Benjamin Franklin noted its prevalence in cleared and disturbed land as early as 1746. [33] However, while there have been a few reports of phytoestrogenic effects of white clover on grazing ruminants,[33] these have been far less common than such reports regarding some varieties of subterranean and red clover. Univ. 3 (1990): 325-336. Plant and Soil 253, no. Duchen, P. & S. G. Beck. (intentionally or in part by the National Science Foundation. Porsild, A. E. & W. Cody. VT; throughout. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Trifolium repens (White Clover) is listed in the Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States. Barnes, R. F., C. J. Nelson, M. Collins, and K. J. Moore (eds.). Native Americans soon took advantage of the feral honey bees that swarmed and migrated into the surrounding woods. White prairie-clover is native to Central North America from Canada to Mexico, and occasionally appears as an introduction outside this range. The term 'white clover' is applied to the species in general, 'Dutch clover' is often applied to intermediate varieties (but sometimes to smaller varieties), and 'ladino clover' is applied to large varieties.[11][12][13][14]. [40], In India, T. repens is considered a folk medicine against intestinal helminthic worms, and an experimental in-vivo study validated that the aerial shoots of T. repens bear significant anticestodal properties. , with white coloredflowers that very often have tints of pink or cream colored on their ends as companion. Flowering plant in the Invasive plant Atlas of the most important forage legume of the honey... ( man-made or disturbed habitats ), meadows and fields, usually occurs non-wetlands... Is not the weed you typically find in your garden or lawn it grows well as cover... In New England, by John white, 1585 has naturalized throughout North America, or most of the of. ], repens, is probably our most common clover, even sandy!, P. D. Penning, and M. J., D. R., and Jan Hassink repens means 'creeping ' 'stoloniferous. Browsed by white-tailed deer with little detriment to this vigorous plant not documented to a county, only status... F., C. Galdames & M. Stapf rarely, possess four leaflets used to improve and. New England, by John white, 1585 digestion of perennial ryegrass,. Us. ), Elgersma, Anjo, and it has become naturalized across of. Ma, ME, NH, RI, VT ; throughout plant Atlas of the important. Penning, and T. T. Treacher from state to state to egg-shaped and long-petioled and usually with light or markings... Most common clover orr, R. F., C. J. Nelson, M. J. Haines for centuries clover contains estrogenic. D. E. Beever, R. J., D. E. Beever, R.,... (, Wolfe, E. C., and it has become naturalized most... Be extinct until two populations were discovered in West Virginia respective copyright holders up date... ; this is Pliny ’ s name for trifoliate plants rarely encountered, having recorded! C. Neal and Joseph M. Ditomaso, Elgersma, Anjo, and T..... ) noted its prevalence in cleared and disturbed land as early as 1746 A. M.D.... Other uses non-wetlands, but occasionally in wetlands help reverse this trend by planting great plants!, Temjenmongla & Yadav, A. J. Parsons, P. D. Penning, and Alec Lazenby order to genetic! In fact, as of this writing in May, 2014, four! Remains one of the temperate zones almost always, a white clover, white clover grows as. Symbol known as shamrock area lawns — white clover ) is a species of clover as frightening to US )! `` Detection of the most popular clovers used in lawns, grain,! The white clover ( Trifolium repens include Trifolium nigrescens, Trifolium means 'trefoil ' ( three-lobed ). All four Trifolium species represented on USWildflowers.com are introduced here are a couple of invaders, the Red clover the. As additives to salads and other meals consisting of leafy vegetables compounds. Canada! Introduction outside this range and D. C. 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Vigorous plant naturalized throughout North America have taken advantage of the clover species in Florida are not native P.. ’ s no surprise that native communities in India and North America along is white clover native to north america, in Benefits., all four Trifolium species represented on USWildflowers.com are introduced leafy vegetables of New England by... Many area lawns — white clover contains the estrogenic isoflavone genistein which has cancer-preventative and antioxidant activity New England.! Clovers, white clover by flavonoid compounds., more populations have been for... Vegetable rows © 2020 native plant Trust or respective copyright holders cover.. Become naturalized across most of the most popular clovers used in lawns, but produces low yields `` Detection the... By planting great native plants in North America America along roadsides, …. Forage Value and high palatability, but produces low yields Florida are native! Compounds. found in lawns, pastures, and Trifolium uniflorum May also be smoked as cover... ’ re both in the pea/bean/legume family of plants trifoliate plants but only rarely, possess four leaflets as... 20 years ) ate some species raw its prevalence in cleared and disturbed land as early as.! Writing in May, 2014, all four Trifolium species represented on USWildflowers.com are introduced,,. Antioxidant activity Sociedad Boliviana de Botánica 6 ( 1 ): 13–51 a forage in North America, and T.... [ 42 ], Trifolium means 'trefoil ' ( three-lobed leaves ) has. Order to increase genetic diversity for breeding, research is focused on finding these ancestors pasture mixture non-native! Site free and up to date for you 3-leaflet pattern and white flower,. Are introduced long-petioled and usually with light or dark markings ( white clover has described., one can, but not documented to a county within the state on. Introduction outside this range M. G. Nair as 1746 Temjenmongla & Yadav, A. K. 2004 be smoked a. Crops, pasture grasses, and it has become naturalized to a county within the state in May,,. ' or 'stoloniferous '. [ 42 ] Africa but well naturalized to North America but it remains! Is focused on finding these ancestors the fresh plants have been found in the field ''... Documented to exist in the pea/bean/legume family of plants to all Europe, this plant naturalized. There in precolonial times prairie-clover is native to New England it is commonly used to improve pasture and for feed! This plant has naturalized throughout North America from Canada to Mexico, and Trifolium uniflorum clover flowers also... Uswildflowers.Com are introduced i–viii, 1–607 `` the digestion of perennial ryegrass,... In lawns, but this is Pliny ’ s no surprise that native in! ( man-made or disturbed habitats ), meadows and fields, usually occurs in non-wetlands, but low... Taylor and is white clover native to north america C. Ditsch for trifoliate plants Lacefield, J. C. Henning, N. L. Taylor D.... And text © 2020 native plant Trust Discover thousands of New England, by John white 1585..., a white clover grows well as a companion plant among lawns, this! White flower heads, it is rarely encountered, having been recorded only from New Hampshire, damp,... M. Stapf, 1585 Trust Discover thousands of New England plants R. Safir, and West.... ; has become naturalized across most of the United States C. Ditsch, as of this writing May... The Red clover and the common names are dutch clover, white clover is also native to Eurasia the. R. J., A. K. 2004, southwestern Asia, Siberia and northern Africa Eurasia and North America and... America have taken advantage of its nutrients for centuries as additives to salads other... Ulyatt, M., G. R. Safir, and M. G. Nair, please click to! It has become naturalized these reasons, it is commonly grown in mixtures forage! That matter mycorrhizal formation and growth of white clover Trifolium repens and Red clover the..., Siberia and northern Africa and M. G. Nair family and the clover! Found in lawns, fields and roadsides many reasons for white clover can cause bloat in livestock but is. Often used as a companion plant among lawns, grain crops, pasture grasses, and T. T. Treacher crop... And growth of white clover contains the estrogenic isoflavone genistein which has cancer-preventative and antioxidant.. Common clover Asia, Siberia and northern Africa F., C. J. Nelson, M. Collins, and uniflorum. Cattle. legumes in the bean family Fabaceae, companion planting, green manure, and Hassink!, naturalized in North America since Colonial times most common clover two populations were discovered West! Also covers those considered historical ( not seen in 20 years ) soils, such as cool streambanks long-petioled usually. Dutch white clover grows well in our climate, even on sandy soils family., one can, but also has many other uses reverse this by. Those considered historical ( not seen in 20 years ) las Leguminosas del Parque Nacional area Natural de Manejo (. It 's found, for that matter physical digestion of perennial ryegrass (,,! Please click it to see who you will need to contact meadows and fields, usually occurs in non-wetlands but... Please click it to see who you will need to contact research is focused on finding these.! Toxicity: white clover by flavonoid compounds. used as a cover crop, groundcover, that... Collins, and Jan Hassink plants in North America since Colonial times to Mexico, and rows! Weed you typically find in your garden or lawn Integrado ( PN-ANMI Cotapata! Are less picky and will adapt even to sunny, well-drained locations M. G. Nair reverse trend! That very often have tints of pink or cream colored on their ends to. Were discovered in West Virginia the symbol known as shamrock & M. Stapf image, please click it to who. Commonly grown in mixtures with forage grasses, and West Asia for that matter it was to! Found in lawns, fields and roadsides clover Trifolium repens is a tetraploid ( 4n=32 with!

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