This system allows the user to search for records using key pieces of information such as the decedent's name, father's last name, and year of death. [241] Smaller international airports in the country include Eindhoven Airport, Maastricht Aachen Airport and Groningen Airport Eelde. Several Christian religious holidays are national holidays (Christmas, Easter, Pentecost and the Ascension of Jesus). Muslims comprised 4.9% of the total population and followers of other religions (like Judaism, Buddhism and Hinduism) comprised the remaining 1.1%.[3]. [14] In Europe, The Netherlands consists of 12 provinces, bordering Germany to the east, Belgium to the south, and the North Sea to the northwest, with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom. [253][254] These DJs also contribute to the world's mainstream pop music, as they frequently collaborate and produce for high-profile international artists. [221], Healthcare in the Netherlands is financed by a dual system that came into effect in January 2006. The monarch is the head of state, at present King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands. The citizens resisted, but were overcome; seven thousand of them were mowed down; a thousand buildings were torched; men, women, and children were slaughtered in a delirium of blood by soldiers crying, "Santiago! After the war the Netherlands left behind an era of neutrality and gained closer ties with neighboring states. [138] The Dutch Ministry of Defence employs more than 70,000 personnel, including over 20,000 civilians and over 50,000 military personnel. The Netherlands national football team is one of the most popular aspects of Dutch sports; especially since the 1970s when one of the greatest footballers of all time, Johan Cruyff, developed Total Football with coach Rinus Michels. The Dutch diet was relatively high in carbohydrates and fat, reflecting the dietary needs of the labourers whose culture moulded the country. The highest recorded temperature was reached on 25 July 2019.[114]. [202] In most lower level secondary school educations (vmbo), one additional modern foreign language is mandatory during the first two years.[203]. [87] In 1672 – known in Dutch history as the Rampjaar (Disaster Year) – the Dutch Republic was at war with France, England and three German Bishoprics simultaneously. [94] Political collaborators were members of the fascist NSB, the only legal political party in the occupied Netherlands. About 13% of all distance is travelled by public transport, the majority of which by train. Following the decline of the Duchy of Brabant and the County of Flanders, Holland became the most economically and politically important county in the Low Countries region. [60] It has been postulated that after deteriorating climate conditions and the Romans' withdrawal, the Frisii disappeared as laeti in c. 296, leaving the coastal lands largely unpopulated for the next two centuries. There are many local brands, ranging from Trappist to Kriek. This relatively large Eurasian population had developed over a period of 400 years and were classified by colonial law as belonging to the European legal community. The huge North Sea flood of early February 1953 caused the collapse of several dikes in the south-west of the Netherlands; more than 1,800 people drowned in the flood. Official website of the Dutch Commando Foundation, "Ministerie van defensie – Werken bij Defensie", "Defensie hard getroffen door bezuinigingen", "Red Cross urges Netherlands to sign UN nuclear weapons ban", "The 2017 IMD World Competitiveness Ranking", "This is why Dutch kids are much happier than American children", "Child Poverty in Perspective: An overview of child well-being in rich countries", "Child well-being in rich countries — UNICEF, 2013", "Amsterdam en de wereld: Toerisme en congreswezen", "Dutch allow Wilders' anti-Pole website, EU critical", "Global Competitiveness Report 2012–2013", The Dutch curse: how billions from natural gas went up in smoke, "The hunt for gas and oil reserves that are more difficult to extract", "The Agreement on Energy for Sustainable Growth", "Energy Agreement for Sustainable Growth", "Energy support measures and their impact on innovation", "Ecological Footprint Accounting for Countries: Updates and Results of the National Footprint Accounts, 2012–2018", "Factsheet Agri-food : Holland is a world-leading supplier of sustainable, healthy, agri-food products", "Farming in the Netherlands: Polder and wiser", "Dutch agricultural exports top 80 billion Euros", "Dutch agricultural exports worth €94.5 billion in 2019 – News item – Government.nl", "Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries", "Demografie van de allochtonen in Nederland", "Feiten en cijfers over immigratie – Pagina 5", "Did natural selection make the Dutch the tallest people on the planet? In May 2013, inflation was at 2.8% per year. Some of the university faculties still include: Indonesian Languages and Cultures; South-east Asia and Oceania Languages and Cultures; Cultural Anthropology. Government-encouraged emigration efforts to reduce population density prompted some 500,000 Dutch people to leave the country after the war. The southern region became dominated by the related Hilversum culture (1800–800 BC), which apparently inherited cultural ties with Britain of the previous Barbed-Wire Beaker culture. [235][m] Cycling infrastructure is comprehensive. The rest of Frisia in the north (now Friesland and Groningen) continued to maintain its independence and had its own institutions (collectively called the "Frisian freedom"), which resented the imposition of the feudal system. According to a 2005 estimate, the population was 80.9% Dutch, 2.4% Indonesian, 2.4% German, 2.2% Turkish, 2.0% Surinamese, 1.9% Moroccan, 0.8% Antillean and Aruban, and 7.4% others. The Netherlands has been a constitutional monarchy since 1815, and due to the efforts of Johan Rudolph Thorbecke,[122] became a parliamentary democracy in 1848. [183] On 21 November 2016, there were 3.8 million residents in the Netherlands with at least one foreign-born parent ("migration background"). During the period of Proto-industrialization, the empire received 50% of textiles and 80% of silks import from the India's Mughal Empire, chiefly from its most developed region known as Bengal Subah. Without many refinements, it is best described as rustic, though many holidays are still celebrated with special foods. Resistance to the Vikings, if any, came from local nobles, who gained in stature as a result, and that laid the basis for the disintegration of Lower Lotharingia into semi-independent states. Indonesia became independent after the Indonesian National Revolution in the 1940s following a war of independence, international pressure and several United Nations Security Council resolutions. Climate change in the Netherlands is already affecting the country. Find out how to use online reviews to connect with your customers, improve your brand image and encourage positive buying recommendations. The Netherlands has had many well-known painters. Freezing days—minimum temperature below 0 °C (32 °F)—occur much more often, usually ranging from mid-November to late March, but not rarely measured as early as mid-October and as late as mid-May. The largest of these is the Protestant Church in the Netherlands (PKN), a United church which is Reformed and Lutheran in orientation. [79] English forces under the Earl of Leicester and then Lord Willoughby faced the Spanish in the Netherlands under the Duke of Parma in a series of largely indecisive actions that tied down significant numbers of Spanish troops and bought time for the Dutch to reorganise their defenses. Data on Natality, Marriage, and Divorce, Series 22. Recently cricket has made a remarkable progress in the Netherlands. [132], The Netherlands is divided into twelve provinces, each under a King's Commissioner (Commissaris van de Koning). The Rhine became fixed as Rome's northern frontier around 12 AD. Both houses send members to the Benelux Parliament, a consultative council. Other well-known Dutch film directors are Jan de Bont (Speed), Anton Corbijn (A Most wanted Man), Dick Maas (De Lift), Fons Rademakers (The Assault), and documentary makers Bert Haanstra and Joris Ivens. Limburg, in particular, differs greatly in architectural style from the rest of the Netherlands. Roman forces pacified the region, but did not expel the Franks, who continued to be feared at least until the time of Julian the Apostate (358), when Salian Franks were allowed to settle as foederati in Texandria. [177] Netherlands subsequently has one of the oldest populations in the world, with the average age of 42.7 years. The sausage contains a lot of fat and is very juicy. In contrast to many other European systems, the Dutch government is responsible for the accessibility and quality of the healthcare system in the Netherlands, but not in charge of its management. Several orthodox Reformed and liberal churches did not merge into the PKN. [189], The Randstad is the country's largest conurbation located in the west of the country and contains the four largest cities: Amsterdam in the province North Holland, Rotterdam and The Hague in the province South Holland, and Utrecht in the province Utrecht. [40][41] Nonetheless, the name "Holland" is still widely used for the Netherlands national football team, including in the Netherlands,[42] and the Dutch government's international websites for tourism and trade are "holland.com" and "hollandtradeandinvest.com". William Frederick raised this United Netherlands to the status of a kingdom and proclaimed himself as King William I in 1815. Participate in a wider effort to make vital records available to everyone, without the restriction of membership to an organisation. In June 2006, the cabinet fell after D66 voted in favour of a motion of no confidence against the Minister of Immigration and Integration, Rita Verdonk, who had instigated an investigation of the asylum procedure of Ayaan Hirsi Ali, a VVD MP. The Netherlands is now one of the most secular societies in the world. Most of the western Netherlands is below sea level due to the human process of turning standing bodies of water into usable land, a polder. To this day the Dutch Royal family is in fact the wealthiest family of the Netherlands. The sale of natural gas generated enormous revenues for the Netherlands for decades, adding hundreds of billions of euros to the government's budget. CET and CEST are used in the European Netherlands, and AST is used in the Caribbean Netherlands. Summer and autumn months tend to gather a little more precipitation than the other months, mainly because of the intensity of the rainfall rather than the frequency of rain days (this is especially the case in summer, when lightning is also much more frequent). In the 12th century, local government agencies called "waterschappen" ("water boards") or "hoogheemraadschappen" ("high home councils") started to appear, whose job it was to maintain the water level and to protect a region from floods; these agencies continue to exist. English has a formal status in the special municipalities of Saba and Sint Eustatius. However, the Cultivation System was introduced in 1830; in the Dutch East Indies, 20% of village land had to be devoted to government crops for export. Although there were thousands of Dutch who risked their lives by hiding Jews from the Germans, over 20,000 Dutch fascists joined the Waffen SS,[93] fighting on the Eastern Front. Since all other data is from DellaPergola, we are using his estimate for consistency. Wealthy cities started to buy certain privileges for themselves from the sovereign. Most of these are owned by Staatsbosbeheer, the national department for forestry and nature conservation and Natuurmonumenten (literally 'Natures monuments'), a private organisation that buys, protects and manages nature reserves. Modern culinary writers distinguish between three general regional forms of Dutch cuisine. [195] West Frisian has a formal status for government correspondence in that province. This unprecedented minority government was supported by PVV, but proved ultimately to be unstable,[128] when on 21 April 2012, Wilders, leader of PVV, unexpectedly 'torpedoed seven weeks of austerity talks' on new austerity measures, paving the way for early elections. From their new base in West Flanders and the Southwest Netherlands, they were raiding the English Channel. Breakfast and lunch are typically bread with toppings, with cereal for breakfast as an alternative. Trains are frequent, with two trains per hour on lesser lines,[l] two to four trains per hour on average, and up to eight trains an hour on the busiest lines. According to the HCP (Health Consumer Powerhouse), the Netherlands has 'a chaos system', meaning patients have a great degree of freedom from where to buy their health insurance, to where they get their healthcare service. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe and describe single-celled organisms with a microscope. To the north of the Franks, climatic conditions improved, and during the Migration Period Saxons, the closely related Angles, Jutes and Frisii settled the coastal land. Early 1990s Dutch and Belgian house music came together in Eurodance project 2 Unlimited. The, Provided statistics show Protestants by their allegiance to congregations of two denominations that do not exist anymore. Social status was based on merchants' income, which reduced feudalism and considerably changed the dynamics of Dutch society. The Dutch settlement in North America began with the founding of New Amsterdam on the southern part of Manhattan in 1614. It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts, many of which are centered in The Hague, which is consequently dubbed 'the world's legal capital'. The 150 members of the House of Representatives, the lower house, are elected in direct elections on the basis of party-list proportional representation. In the south of the Netherlands there are some festivals that rarely or never occur in the rest of the Netherlands. Data From the National Survey of Family Growth, Series 24. The Netherlands women's field hockey team is the most successful team in World Cup history. [249][250], Sustainability is a concept important for the Dutch. There is diversity even within languages. ", Official CBS website containing all Dutch demographic statistics, I am Expat – General information about the Netherlands, Netherlands: Map, History, Government, Culture & Facts | Infoplease.com, Key Development Forecasts for the Netherlands, An album of photos of Holland (Netherlands) in 1935 and 1958, Sovereign states and dependencies of Europe, autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark, Commission against Racism and Intolerance, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Convention on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe, Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, Special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China, Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Netherlands&oldid=1004968921, Member states of the Dutch Language Union, Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, States and territories established in 1815, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Articles needing cleanup from August 2020, Cleanup tagged articles with a reason field from August 2020, Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from August 2020, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2009, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Thus far, the nation has won 266 medals at the Summer Olympic Games and another 110 medals at the Winter Olympic Games. From 800 BC onwards, the Iron Age Celtic Hallstatt culture became influential, replacing the Hilversum culture. The Netherlands' turbulent history and shifts of power resulted in exceptionally many and widely varying names in different languages. The members of the provincial assemblies elect the 75 members of the Senate, the upper house, which has the power to reject laws, but not propose or amend them. The modern Netherlands formed as a result of the interplay of the four main rivers (Rhine, Meuse, Schelde and IJssel) and the influence of the North Sea. Limburger Max Verstappen currently races in Formula One, and was the first Dutchman to win a Grand Prix. Towns grew around monasteries and castles, and a mercantile middle class began to develop in these urban areas, especially in Flanders and later also Brabant. J. Vossenstein, Dealing with the Dutch, 9789460220791. Only during the last three years in VWO one foreign language is mandatory. The country is a founding member of the EU, Eurozone, G10, NATO, OECD and WTO, as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union. Two years later, the Congress of Vienna added the southern Netherlands to the north to create a strong country on the northern border of France. [78] Against the rebels Philip could draw on the resources of Spain, Spanish America, Spanish Italy and the Spanish Netherlands. Besides Dutch, West Frisian is recognised as a second official language in the northern province of Friesland (Fryslân in West Frisian). Gas is the main source of heating for households in Netherlands[159] and represented 35% of the energy mix in 2014. [225] Like in many other European countries, the Dutch rail network of 3,013 km route is also rather dense. After he died in 869, Lotharingia was partitioned, into Upper and Lower Lotharingia, the latter part comprising the Low Countries that technically became part of East Francia in 870, although it was effectively under the control of Vikings, who raided the largely defenceless Frisian and Frankish towns lying on the Frisian coast and along the rivers. Most of the Imperial and French fiefs in what is now the Netherlands and Belgium were united in a personal union by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy in 1433. In English, the Netherlands is also called Holland or (part of) the Low Countries, whereas the term "Dutch" is used as the demonym and adjectival form. [30][i] In 2019, it ranked tenth on the human development index and fifth on the 2019 World Happiness Index.[32][33]. [239] The port's main activities are petrochemical industries and general cargo handling and transshipment. Pastries are abundant, often with rich fillings of cream, custard or fruits. [204] Additionally, schools in Friesland teach and have exams in West Frisian, and schools across the country teach and have exams in Ancient Greek and Latin for secondary school (called Gymnasium or VWO+). The Caribbean Netherlands has a total area of 328 km2 (127 sq mi)[99] It lies between latitudes 50° and 54° N, and longitudes 3° and 8° E. The Netherlands is geographically very low relative to sea level and is considered a flat country, with about 26% of its area[22] and 21% of its population[100] located below sea level, and only about 50% of its land exceeding one metre above sea level. In Europe, The Netherlands consists of 12 provinces, bordering Germany to the east, Belgium to the south, and the North Sea to the northwest, with ⦠The many finds in Drenthe of rare bronze objects, suggest that it was even a trading centre in the Bronze Age (2000–800 BC). Their most recent win was in 2019. The latter, together with his Johann Strauss Orchestra, has taken classical and waltz music on worldwide concert tours, the size and revenue of which are otherwise only seen from the world's biggest rock and pop music acts. Between 1997 and 2000 annual economic growth (GDP) averaged nearly 4%, well above the European average. In 2009 this insurance covered 27% of all health care expenses. A caretaker cabinet was formed by the CDA and VVD, and general elections were held on 22 November 2006. The cost of damage repairs, structural improvements to buildings, and compensation for home value decreases has been estimated at 6.5 billion euros. [242] Ostentatious behaviour is to be avoided. As a founding member of the euro, the Netherlands replaced (for accounting purposes) its former currency, the "gulden" (guilder), on 1 January 1999, along with 15 other adopters of the euro. The stadtholder William V of Orange had fled to England. Netherlands have participated in 1996, 2003, 2007 and 2011 ODI cricket World Cup. Iron ore brought a measure of prosperity, and was available throughout the country, including bog iron. Motorcycle racing at the TT Circuit Assen has a long history. Growth slowed considerably from 2001 to 2005 with the global economic slowdown, but accelerated to 4.1% in the third quarter of 2007. The provinces of North Holland, South Holland, Zeeland, and Utrecht and the Gelderlandic area of Betuwe make up the region in which western Dutch cuisine is found. The Division of Vital Records and Health Statistics (DVRHS) provides Internet access to information from archived death records through the Genealogical Death Indexing System (GENDIS). [citation needed] These woods were planted on anthropogenic heaths and sand-drifts (overgrazed heaths) (Veluwe). – in Europe (green & dark grey)– in the European Union (green), The Netherlands (Dutch: Nederland [ˈneːdərlɑnt] (listen)), informally Holland (misnomer),[13] is a country primarily located in Western Europe and partly in the Caribbean. In early modern Europe it had the wealthiest trading city (Amsterdam) and the first full-time stock exchange. Much of Descartes' major work was done in the Netherlands, where he studied at Leiden University — as did geologist James Hutton, British Prime Minister John Stuart, U.S. President John Quincy Adams, Physics Nobel Prize laureate Hendrik Lorentz and Enrico Fermi. In the course of the twentieth century this diet changed and became much more cosmopolitan, with most global cuisines being represented in the major cities. The Bell Beaker culture developed locally into the Barbed-Wire Beaker culture (2100–1800 BC) and later the Elp culture (c. 1800–800 BC),[53] a Middle Bronze Age archaeological culture having earthenware pottery of low quality as a marker. In the case of the Low Countries / Netherlands the geographical location of the lower region has been more or less downstream and near the sea. The Netherlands also exports one-fifteenth of the world's apples. The country is also subdivided into 21 water districts (as of 2018), governed by a water board (waterschap or hoogheemraadschap), each having authority in matters concerning water management. [52] They introduced metalwork in copper, gold and later bronze and opened international trade routes not seen before, reflected in the discoveries of copper artifacts, as the metal is not normally found in Dutch soil. Children under 18 are covered for free. In 2007, the Betuweroute, a new fast freight railway from Rotterdam to Germany, was completed. [112], It is anticipated that global warming in the 21st century will result in a rise in sea level. There are also sizable populations of Hindu immigrants from India and Sri Lanka, and some Western adherents of Hinduism-oriented new religious movements such as Hare Krishnas. ", 6.5% of the EU population are foreigners and 9.4% are born abroad, Half of young big-city dwellers have non-western background, Dutch colonialism, migration and cultural heritage, "CIA World Factbook: Official languages per country", "Hoeveel dialecten heeft het Nederlands? [176] The majority of the population of the Netherlands is ethnically Dutch. [106], In 1932 the Afsluitdijk ("Closure Dike") was completed, blocking the former Zuiderzee (Southern Sea) from the North Sea and thus creating the IJsselmeer (IJssel Lake). [216] Leiden University and in particular KITLV are educational and scientific institutions that to this day share both an intellectual and historical interest in Indonesian studies. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. [65] Many moved on to England and came to be known as Anglo-Saxons, but those who stayed would be referred to as Frisians and their language as Frisian, named after the land that was once inhabited by Frisii. In 2008, the Dutch Central Bureau for Statistics (CBS)[277] registered 387,000 first- and second-generation Indos living in the Netherlands. By the 490s, Clovis I had conquered and united all these territories in the southern Netherlands in one Frankish kingdom, and from there continued his conquests into Gaul. The Groningen gas field, one of the largest natural-gas fields in the world, is situated near Slochteren. The Netherlands Women's handball team holds the record of the only team in the world that consecutively reached all six semifinals of major international tournaments since 2015, winning silver and bronze at the European Women's Handball Championship and silver, bronze and gold at the World Women's Handball Championship. Current symphonic metal bands Epica, Delain, ReVamp, The Gathering, Asrai, Autumn, Ayreon and Within Temptation as well as jazz and pop singer Caro Emerald are having international success. Science, military, and art (especially painting) were among the most acclaimed in the world. The economy experienced a slowdown in 2005, but in 2006 recovered to the fastest pace in six years on the back of increased exports and strong investment. Constitutionally, the position is equipped with limited powers. Other activities include sailing, fishing, cycling, and bird watching. Film director Theo van Gogh achieved international notoriety in 2004 when he was murdered by Mohammed Bouyeri in the streets of Amsterdam after directing the short film Submission. [212] The expected rise of spirituality (ietsism) has come to a halt according to research in 2015. Since the year 2000 there has been raised awareness of religion, mainly due to Muslim extremism.[210]. With the armed support of revolutionary France, Dutch republicans proclaimed the Batavian Republic, modelled after the French Republic and rendering the Netherlands a unitary state on 19 January 1795. The Burgundian period is when the road to nationhood began. The military is composed of four branches, all of which carry the prefix Koninklijke (Royal): The submarine service is open to women as of 1 January 2017. All these duchies, lordships and counties were autonomous and had their own government, the States-Provincial. This architectural style is most concentrated in the province of North-Brabant, such as St. John's Cathedral in 's-Hertogenbosch, The Church of Our Lady in Breda and the Margraves Palace in Bergen op Zoom. Severed heads and decapitated corpses were displayed along streets and roads to terrorize the population into submission. Warm days—maximum temperature above 20 °C (68 °F)—are usually found in April to October, but in some parts of the country these warm days can also occur in March, or even sometimes in November or February (usually not in De Bilt, however). The Netherlands baseball team have won the European championship 20 times out of 32 events. [157] The field is operated by government-owned Gasunie and output is jointly exploited by the government, Royal Dutch Shell, and Exxon Mobil through NAM (Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij). In Asia, the Dutch established the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), and the only western trading post in Japan, Dejima. The Korps Commandotroepen, the Special Operations Force of the Netherlands Army, is open to women, but because of the extremely high physical demands for initial training, it is almost impossible for a woman to become a commando. This includes schools based on religious principles by religious groups (especially Roman Catholic and various Protestant). the Dutch, the Frisians, and the Germans). In the European part of the kingdom two other regional languages are recognised under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. Around 850, Lothair I of Middle Francia acknowledged the Viking Rorik of Dorestad as ruler of most of Frisia. Universities such as the Leiden University, founded in the 16th century, have developed into leading knowledge centres for Southeast Asian and Indonesian studies. Compliance ( accessibility ) on other federal or private website composed of deltaic, and... 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