what is the weather like in arctic archipelago

Along the coast, temperatures are kept from varying too much by the moderating influence of the nearby water or melting sea ice. Svalbard is a Norwegian archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. Over Baffin Island and the smaller islands around it, annual totals increase from just over 200 mm (7.9 in) in the north to about 500 mm (20 in) in the south, where cyclones from the North Atlantic are more frequent (Serreze and Hurst 2000). This period of setting sun also roughly corresponds to summer in the Arctic. The legend next to the diagram has a list with the model names and the corresponding colours. The average high temperature in summer approaches 10 °C (50 °F), and the average low temperature in July is above freezing, though temperatures below freezing are observed every month of the year. The southern third of Greenland protrudes into the North-Atlantic storm track, a region frequently influenced by cyclones. He decided to use this motion by freezing a specially designed ship, the Fram, into the sea ice and allowing it to be carried across the ocean. Scientists have spent the past 15 years pulling together data about the Arctic into a report card. The only regions that remain ice-free throughout the year are the southern part of the Barents Sea and most of the Norwegian Sea. The period between October 2019 and September 2020 was the second-hottest year in the last century for the Arctic, with surface temperatures 1.9 … Temperatures above 20 °C are rare but do sometimes occur in the far south and south-west coastal areas. In summer, the coastal regions of Greenland experience temperatures similar to the islands in the Canadian Archipelago, averaging just a few degrees above freezing in July, with slightly higher temperatures in the south and west than in the north and east. During the 46-year period when weather records were kept on Shemya Island, in the southern Bering Sea, the average temperature of the coldest month (February) was −0.6 °C (30.9 °F) and that of the warmest month (August) was 9.7 °C (49.5 °F); temperatures never dropped below −17 °C (1 °F) or rose above 18 °C (64 °F); Western Regional Climate Center). As a result of these influences, the average temperature in these areas in January is considerably higher, between about −20 to −4 °C (−4 to 25 °F). Our weather history covers any place on earth at any given time regardless of availability of weather stations. [5] Precipitation is frequent in winter, with measurable totals falling on an average of 20 days each January in the Norwegian Sea (USSR 1985). This map was made in the 1970s, and the extent of sea ice has decreased since then (see below), but this still gives a reasonable overview. The climate of the Arctic also depends on the amount of sunlight reaching the surface, and being absorbed by the surface. The winter ice cover allows temperatures to drop much lower in these regions than in the regions that are ice-free all year. Arctic days lengthen rapidly in March and April, and the sun rises higher in the sky, both bringing more solar radiation to the Arctic than in winter. While Reykjavík on Iceland has mostly cloudy days, Sossusvlei in the Namib desert is one of the sunniest places on earth. An interesting example is the Tibetan Plateau , where the monsoon creates steady strong winds from December to April, and calm winds from June to October. These frequent cyclones lead to larger annual precipitation totals than over most of the Arctic. Photographer Elena Chernyshova explores what it’s like to live in a city 400km north of the Arctic Circle. Annual totals here range from less than 100 to about 200 mm (4 to 8 in). Wind speeds are not displayed per default, but can be enabled at the bottom of the graph. The lowest officially recorded temperature in the Northern Hemisphere is −67.7 °C (−89.9 °F) which occurred in Oymyakon on 6 February 1933, as well as in Verkhoyansk on 5 and 7 February 1892, respectively. During these ice ages, large areas of northern North America and Eurasia were covered by ice sheets similar to the one found today on Greenland; Arctic climate conditions would have extended much further south, and conditions in the present-day Arctic region were likely colder. This plot shows data from the Soviet North Pole drifting stations, numbers 7 and 8. Over the last 30 days, the average temperature has been only 1,6 degrees Celsius, almost 15 degrees above normal. Another interesting use of models has been to use them, along with historical data, to produce a best estimate of the weather conditions over the entire globe during the last 50 years, filling in regions where no observations were made (ECMWF). The east coast of the central third of the island receives between 200 and 600 mm (7.9 and 23.6 in) of precipitation per year, with increasing amounts from north to south. The Labrador, Norwegian, Greenland, and Barents Seas and Denmark and Davis Straits are strongly influenced by the cyclones in the North Atlantic storm track, which is most active in winter. Those areas near the sea-ice edge will remain somewhat warmer due to the moderating influence of the nearby open water. [2] Another significant moment in Arctic observing before World War II occurred in 1937 when the USSR established the first of over 30 North-Pole drifting stations. The maps on the right show the average temperature over the Arctic in January and July, generally the coldest and warmest months. What’s become clear in the 15 iterations of the report is nothing will be the same for centuries to come and the shifts are happening faster than anticipated. Most regions receive less than 500 mm (20 in) annually (Serreze and Hurst 2000, USSR 1985). The Arctic is often perceived as a region stuck in a permanent deep freeze. Weather Forecast Canadian Arctic Archipelago - Canada (Nunavut) ☼ Longitude : -93.5 Latitude : 74 Altitude : 83m ☀ Le Canada est le 2ème plus grand pays du monde avec une superficie de presque 10 millions de km carrés. Minimum temperatures in winter over the higher parts of the ice sheet can drop below −60 °C (−76 °F)(CIA, 1978). meteoblue APP receives worldwide WMO award. The 24-hour days found near the poles in summer result in a large daily-average solar flux reaching the top of the atmosphere in these regions. In 1966 the first deep ice core in Greenland was drilled at Camp Century, providing a glimpse of climate through the last ice age. Freshwater in the Arctic Archipelago Ecozone is found in glaciers, ice caps, streams, lakes, and wetlands. Wind speeds over the Arctic Basin and the western Canadian Archipelago average between 4 and 6 metres per second (14 and 22 kilometres per hour, 9 and 13 miles per hour) in all seasons. It reduces the transfer of heat from the ocean to the atmosphere; it causes less solar energy to be absorbed at the surface, and provides a surface on which snow can accumulate, which further decreases the absorption of solar energy; since salt is rejected from the ice as it forms, the ice increases the salinity of the ocean's surface water where it forms and decreases the salinity where it melts, both of which can affect the ocean's circulation. Weather models comparison for Arctic Archipelago. Since there is no sunlight, the thermal radiation emitted by the atmosphere is one of this region's main sources of energy in winter. The climate diagrams are the first simulated climate data-set made public on the net. UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), 2007: United States Central Intelligence Agency, 1978: USSR State Committee on Hydrometeorology and Environment, and The Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (chief editor A.F. Geophysical research letters, 34(9). In the decades that followed submarines regularly roamed under the Arctic sea ice, collecting sonar observations of the ice thickness and extent as they went. Here range from less than about 4 m ( 13 ft ), with similar. A principal driver of global and regional climate including reduced sea ice is frozen sea that... Due to clouds southern part of the Basin receives less than 100 to about 200 (! Simulations with hourly data by sea ice keeps the surface, and begin to warm rapidly to. 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