During the spring, damage is more apparent than root damage during the fall. They are small, spherical, pearly white eggs that darken just before hatching. It then enters into the ‘pupal stage’ which can take up to 9 months and usually happens over the winter period. Figure 4. Some species of larvae need more than one year to develop, so they hibernate in the soil again once the weather drops in the autumn. Pupa: The length of the pupae varies from 20 to 24 mm long. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 19: 92-94. Fortunately, once you’ve identified the problem, you can get rid of June bugs in both their larval and adult stages, often without costly chemical insecticides. Scotts GrubEx, 5,000-sq ft against Larvae. During their last larval instar the June bugs dig deep into the soil to shield themselves from freezing winter temperatures. Copyright Leaf Group Ltd. // Leaf Group Lifestyle. Insecticide control of a white grub. Natural enemies that control these white grubs include parasitic wasps and flies in the genera Tiphia and Myzinum (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae), and Pelecinus polyturator Drury (Hymenoptera: Pelecinidae), and the fly, Pyrgota undata (Diptera: Pyrgotidae). The pupa is usually white, faint yellow, or dark brown in color. June bug larvae are small white grubs with brown heads. Scarab beetles generally lay their eggs in the ground, in dung, or in other decomposing materials including carrion. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co. Dubuque, Iowa. During the years of heavy May beetle infestation, deep-rooted legumes, such as alfalfa or clovers, should be planted. Photograph by Jim Kalisch, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Grub will feed until the temperature begins to drop in autumn. The year following heavy flights of May beetles, planting corn or potatoes should be avoided in fields that were previously under sod or grass. 1979. Two parallel rows of spines seen on the underside of the last abdominal segment distinguish true white grubs from similar-looking larvae. Some, such as the green June beetle, are more brightly colored. Periodical Cicada Life Cycle: 5 Key Stages Immature periodical cicadas or nymphs develop underground, sucking root plant juices. About 75% of all insect species go through the four stages of complete metamorphosis - egg, larva, pupa, and adult. In the late summer and fall of their third year (or second year in the case of Phyllophaga tristis), larvae begin pupating in the soil. Larvae vary in size with age and species. Grubs hibernate during this stage and are impossible to control at this time due to their depth. These products are available commercially. 126-128. C. Brown Company. Meanwhile, the grubs or larvae that started life early in spring begin to emerge as lawn foraging beetles. pp. 1989.The Scarab Beetles of Florida (USA): (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Part II. The egg, larva, and pupa life cycle stages develop underground and unless soil is removed or dug into, these life stages will not be seen. Rolston LH, Barlow T. 1980. Also, Cordyceps fungus infects the grubs. Adult Japanese beetles (June bugs) typically lay eggs in lawns in June. WM. A pelecinid wasp, a natural enemy of white grubs, Phyllophaga spp. This stage of the beetle life cycle is where the greatest change in form takes place. 1993. White grubs. (1998). Phyllophaga larvae and other larvae of the family Scarabaeidae are often referred to as white grubs, including larvae of the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman), annual white grubs (Cyclocephala spp. If you want to attract wildlife to your yard, … Adults do not feed on turfgrasses; however, in their larval stage, they tunnel through the soil and feed on plant roots. Females can lay up to 75 eggs in their short adult life. Tashiro H. 1973. After pupating, an adult emerge, and there you have your beetle. 378-385. Dubuque, Iowa. After feeding for several weeks, they lay their eggs in the ground. The fully grown larva color is glassy yellowish white shading toward green or blue at the head and tail. Two parallel rows of spines seen on the undersi… After hatching, the first instar is 5mm long. This is the stage that lets them molt from grubs to adult beetles. Davidson RH, Lyon WF. Damage to the lawn is not easily recognized at this stage. My Home: Found all over North America, I hide in trees during the day. Like it? This commonly happens in the southern region allowing for two cycles to progress annually. A species of bee fly, Exoprosopa fasciata, is also a parasite of this genera. These stages are marked by the grub molting, or shedding its outer skin after growing a new one underneath. A pyrgotid fly, a natural enemy of white grubs, Phyllophaga spp. Ritcher PO. The larva is a specialized feeding stage that looks very different from the adult. White grub, Phyllophaga spp., infected with Cordyceps fungus. As an adult, I feed at night and eat vegetation, usually the leaves from trees and bushes. Adults:May beetles are about 12 to 25 mm long. Grubs often feed into August, when they change into their second stage of growth. Figure 7. The next autumn the larvae again migrate deep into the soil to overwinter, returning near the soil surface the following spring to feed on plant roots until they are fully grown in late spring. Eggs hatch about three weeks later into young larvae that feed upon roots and decaying vegetation throughout the summer and, in autumn, migrate downward (to a depth of up to 1.5 meters) and remain inactive until the following spring. Grubs feed close to the surface of the lawn and are most vulnerable to chemical control with pesticides at this time. Grubs feed close to the surface of the lawn and are most vulnerable to chemical control with pesticides at this time. Immature Insects (Volume 2). An understanding to the life cycle of this insect will be of importance to those responsible for its elimination and control. John Wiley and Sons. During the larval portion of their life cycle, June bugs go through three separate instars, or stages. Inoculating the soil with bacterial spores of Bacillus popilliae Dutky and Bacillus lentimorbus Dutky aids in reducing populations. The June Bug is a nocturnal beetle that hatches from a larvae in the springtime of the year. Typical June beetle, adult of white grub, of the genus Phyllophaga. Phyllophaga spp. North Carolina Corn Information. … The Phyllophaga life cycles vary somewhat because some species complete their growth in one year, while others require as much as four years. The greatest amount of damage occurs as the larvae move near the soil surface to feed on the roots of the plants. Since the adults are attracted to trees to feed, they tend to lay most eggs in the higher portions of sod near wooded areas. Adult beetles are nocturnal bugs and do not appear during the day, making detection difficult. Grubs are the larval stage of the European chafer, June beetle (June bug) and/or Japanese beetle. Photograph by John L. Capinera, University of Florida. Lawn grubs are a common pest of the home lawn. The dorsal segments are flattened and extend to the back and sides, like overlapping plates. June bugs are commonly seen in many areas in the United States, as well as other regions of the world which facilitate their living conditions. More than 200 species of insect pests from 100 insect families are susceptible to these insect predators. The young beetle will live under the soil until the following spring to develop further before emerging in June or July to lay eggs once more, starting the life cycle over again. Now after 4-8 weeks of chomping away under ground, the larvae will pupate. The ideal conditions are green healthy, irrigated lawns. In late June or early July, according to Cornell University, beetles begin to leave the ground and feed on other bugs and plants. Jaques HE. If corn or small grains are present, every effort should be made to keep the field free of grass and weed growth to reduce the number of beetle eggs laid. Figure 2. June beetle larvae, called white grubs, are about 25 mm (1 inch) long and live in the soil. In spring and early summer, white grubs pupate 3 to 6 inches deep in the soil. During the first stage of growth the grubs feed on the roots of the grass in the lawn. Photograph by James Castner, University of Florida. The larval stage is the most destructive stage of the insects. Larvae feed on plant roots, carrion, or dung, depending on the type of scarab. It's during this period when the larvae pupate. As they grow, they feed on the roots of the grass, causing large patches, browning and otherwise ruining the appearance of the lawn grass. The larvae will molt twice before winter. Adult beetles emerge from the ground at the end of spring or start of summer. The large grubs of the chafer feed on the roots of both wild and cultivated cool-latitude grasses, which has made them a critter-non-grata on North American lawns. Grubs feed now for between four and six months. They root around just below the surface, eating the roots of grass and other plants as they grow. Some, such as the green June beetle, are more brightly colored. At this stage, it’s possible to have both adults and larvae feeding on your lawn and if the problem is ignored, dead lawn patches quickly appear. These white grubs are laid in midsummer in sunny areas of the lawn . Grubs often feed into August, when they change into their second stage of growth. The grubs have excessively high appetites and feed constantly. Larval June bugs feed in warm summers and under the soil during winter. 1991. During the first stage of growth the grubs feed on the roots of the grass in the lawn. Figure 5. Grubs are the larval stage of the common May or June beetle or the Southern masked chafer. During late spring and early summer, the overwintering generation of beetles dies. Figure 1. This results in drought susceptibility and the ability to easily pull the grass away from the soil surface. Pest problems? The worm-like larvae form the pupa or cocoon as it often called, then lay dormant. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. New York. June bug larva stage The grubs will grow to about 40 mm (1.6 in) and are white with a brownish-black head and brown spiracles along the sides of the body. Most beetles pass through 3 – 5 stages during the larval period and some can even have up to 30 stages whereas other beetles can have only 1 stage as larvae. Larvae are white with a C-shaped body, brown head, and three pairs of legs. During this stage, the larva begin to take the shape of the adult beetle. These are the most common in New England. 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