They are fitted with a black whistle on the front right pocket and insignia on the collar for commissioned officers. A concise history of Hong Kong. Current uniforms were changed in the mid 2000s. The 'Royal' title was bestowed upon the HKPF for their efforts in quelling communist riots in 1967. Hong Kong police officers were substantiated over the past year, after many complaints were withdrawn, resolved informally or could not be pursued, according to the force’s watchdog. In the 1970s and 1980s, large numbers of Vietnamese people arrived in Hong Kong, putting considerable strain on police resources – first for the marine police who intercepted them, then for the officers who processed them and manned the dozens of camps in the territory, and lastly for those who had to repatriate unsuccessful asylum applicants up until 1997. Since 2008, the Hong Kong Police Force have brought in the use of Battenburg markings for new police vehicles of the Traffic Branch Headquarters. Internet fraud is rampant and Hong Kong is a key target for the transfer of funds. Governor Sir Mark Young broadly supported them, and they were implemented under Commissioner Duncan MacIntosh thereby generating the foundation of today's structure and philosophy. It is a British rank and the countries following the British police model often incorporate this rank in their police service. English language films featuring the HKPF include Rush Hour and Skyscraper. The force played a prominent role in the process of the handover of sovereignty in 1997 and continues to perform ceremonial flag-raising on each anniversary. It aims to identify the major institutional factors that have facilitated or otherwise hindered the development of community policing in Hong Kong. Live scan technology and biometric identification products feature in the arrangement, and will be utilized in 32 city police force branches and three immigration locations. [35], Two trust funds established by statute in 1967 add further to the benefits enjoyed by members of the force. All police vehicles are government property and so bear licence plates starting with "AM". Police officers enjoy remuneration far exceeding median incomes in the Special Administrative Region (HK$18,000 per month in 2019[28]), the base rate for newly recruited police constables with minimal high school education being HK$24,110 per month and that for high school matriculants being HK$42,655. (December 1941 until August 1945) forced authorities to wind down the Sikh contingent. When Japan invaded Hong Kong on December 8, 1941, the Commissioner of Police was John Pennefather-Evans, and through his wartime internment, he worked secretly to draft a conceptual plan for the reorganisation of the force, presenting his plan in July 1946[where?]. [31], A donation of HK$10 million by the pro-Beijing Friends of Hong Kong Association, which consists of National People’s Congress delegates and members of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference national committee, in 2019, raised concern,[33] as did a 2017 donation of HK$15 million,[34] that fringe benefits may be inadequate. All HKPF officers are employed as civil servants and hence required to uphold their political neutrality. History of the police force under British and Chinese rule. Deflem, Mathieu, Richard Featherstone, Yunqing Li, and Suzanne Sutphin. The Marine Police, with a fleet of 114 police … From 1942 to 1945, the Kempeitai recruited former Chinese and Indian officers in the Japanese military police unit[2] and headquartered at the Legislative Council Building. The conical hat of Chinese personnel disappeared after about 1920 and similar khaki drill (for hot weather) and dark blue uniforms (for cold seasons) were worn by all personnel. It was established by the British Hong Kong government on 1 May 1844. They are white (similar to No.3 Warm weather ceremonial uniform) or dark tunic. [citation needed] With the handover of sovereignty, the police force dropped the prefix "Royal" from its name. Court ruling on Hong Kong police complaints system highlights judicial independence. “Rome was not built in one day”. [citation needed], In 1974, the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) was created to give government wide-ranging powers to investigate corruption. Currently, they include the: The four serving officers' associations wield significant power, controlling half of the voting rights on the Police Force Council. In 1956, supporters of the China Nationalist movement defied government regulations providing the pretext for the eruption of conflict with pro-Communist activists and sympathisers - serious disorder was suppressed by the force and British military. Sky blue shirts are worn by most officers, whilst white shirts are worn by senior officers. [2007] (2007). During the 1950s and 1960s, the force struggled with corruption issues relating to bribes from syndicated drugs and illegal gambling operations. The last European inspectorate officers joined in 1994. [6][7] The Hong Kong Police Force has faced allegations of misconduct during the 2019 protests,[8][9] leading to several lawsuits filed in October 2019 against the HKPF for allegations of misconduct. Throughout this period, the Hong Kong Police had successfully tackled many issues that had challenged the city's stability. Judge Anderson Chow found that the city government has a duty under the Bill of Rights to ensure an … Instead, Pakistani and Shandong Chinese were recruited as constables, and this went on until the early 1960s. Tunic may be removed under warmer weather. [29] In addition, all officers enjoy extensive housing benefits, free medical and dental benefits (including coverage of family members), with substantial vacation, sick and maternity leave allowances exceeding statutory minimums. [10][11], Following Chris Tang's appointment as the Commissioner of Police in November 2019, the police force changed its motto from "We serve with pride and care", which had been used for more than 20 years, to "Serving Hong Kong with honour, duty and loyalty. Females wore summer beige shirts with skirts. known as the Hong Kong Police (HKP), is the largest disciplined service under the Security Bureau of Hong Kong. In 1966, Communist groups fanned the flames of discontent: Riots broke out over a price rise on the Star Ferry. ", "Police fired at least 3 teargas canisters", "Police fire tear gas and baton charge thousands of Occupy Central protesters", Drug Traffic: Narcotics and Organised Crime in Australia, http://www.scmp.com/article/517892/police-chief-who-tore-mask-corruption-force, "Hong Kong police fight with protesters amid rising tensions", "Hong Kong Protesters Clash With Police Inside Shopping Mall", "Two cops accused of torturing man bound to hospital bed", "HK police deny framing, beating protester", "police failed to display ID numbers, as security chief says uniform has 'no room, "Trio launch court action against Hong Kong police over failure to display identification numbers during anti-government protests", "Police Welfare Fund - Annual Report 2017/18", "CAP 232 POLICE FORCE ORDINANCE Section 39E What the Police Welfare Fund may be used for", "The Friends of Hong Kong Association, formed of National People's Congress delegates and Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference national committee members", "Police Children's Education Trust and Police Education & Welfare Trust", "Second Hong Kong police union blasts chief secretary for apology over Yuen Long attack response", "Rainbow Six Siege Blood Orchid: operators, release date, map – everything we know", A History of the Hong Kong Police Force in Pictures, “Policing the Pearl: Historical Transformations of Law Enforcement in Hong Kong.”, Economic Analysis and Business Facilitation Unit, Policy Innovation and Co-ordination Office, Sales of First-hand Residential Properties Authority, Secretariat, Commissioner on Interception of Communications and Surveillance, Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries, Strike Hard Campaign Against Violent Terrorism, Information operations and information warfare, Residential Surveillance at a Designated Location, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_Police_Force&oldid=993738878, Hong Kong government departments and agencies, Organisations based in Hong Kong with former royal patronage, Pages using law enforcement agency with local civilian police general nature, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2019, Articles needing additional references from October 2019, All articles needing additional references, Articles needing additional references from April 2020, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Regular establishment: 35,790 (2020 to 2021). Police say they were called to the scene amid … "[12] The Economist suggested that this change would curry favour with the central government of China. Sword design was based on 1897 pattern British Army infantry officer's sword and used for formal occasions such as parade out or Legal Opening Day. The Royal Hong Kong Police Force (RHKP) reverted to its former name after the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to People's Republic of China.[6]. Most police vehicles in Hong Kong are white, with a blue and red 3M retroreflective stripe around on the sides of the vehicle with wording "警 Police 察" in white, the only exception being the armoured personnel carriers specially designed for the Police Tactical Unit, which are wholly dark blue and with wording "警 Police 察" on a light blue background in white on the sides of the vehicle. The book demonstrates how colonial policing in Hong Kong and elsewhere takes on the community's local color and hue in practice. The first female inspector joined in 1949, followed by the first intake of Woman Police Constables in 1951 - currently about 14 percent of the force is female, being represented in all ranks between constable and assistant commissioner. police accountability, thus the title “Policing the HKP.” This is a first attempt to provide for a comprehensive, descriptive, and analytical account of the police accountability system in Hong Kong. The 'Royal' title was bestowed upon the HKPF for their efforts in quelling communist riots in 1967. Sansom headed the force, Hong Kong was in a position to stand on its own feet again in May 1946. The crest of the force was modified in 1997. Carroll, John Mark. The Hong Kong Police Force and its previous incarnation have been the subject of many films and television shows, including the locally produced Police Story film series, The Criminal Investigator, Infernal Affairs film series, Cold War, and OCTB. After the war, the mechanism of government in Hong Kong was in shambles; no men or equipment, devastated buildings and important resources like intelligence files, fingerprints, criminal records and personnel documents all lost or destroyed. All of them, however, shared the same green tunics in winter - giving rise to the nickname, day tau luk yee (big head, green coat). The Green uniform can be seen in some of the older Hong Kong and Hollywood movies. [46], Police officers in summer uniform in 1954. [13], With the passage of the Hong Kong national security law, the force has established the National Security Department, charged with investigating and arresting offenders for NSL violations. and it peaked between 1962 and 1974, involving officers of all ranks and ethnicities.[why?] The rank structure, organisation and insignia are similar to those used by the Metropolitan Police Service until the mid-1970s. The independence of Hong Kong's judiciary is seen as crucial to its role as an international financial hub and an interface between mainland China's closed capital system and … [30], In addition, officers and their families enjoy substantial fringe benefits through the statutorily entrenched Police Welfare Fund which has current assets exceeding HK$200 million. [36] These funds were also the recipients of, in total, HK$10 million of largess in 2017 from an undisclosed donor.[34]. On 30 April 1841, 12 weeks after the British landed in Hong Kong, Captain Charles Elliot established a policing authority in the new colony, empowering Captain William Caine to enforce Qing law in respect of local inhabitants and "British Police Law" for "non-natives". The HKPF consists of some 34,000 officers, including the Hong Kong Auxiliary Police Force, civil servants, and its Marine Region (3,000 officers and 143 vessels as of 2009). HONG KONG—Hong Kong’s High Court ruled on Thursday that the city government had failed to provide an independent mechanism to handle police complaints, breaching the Asian financial hub’s Bill of Rights on torture and cruel treatment.. Hong Kong’s Journalist Association had launched a judicial review in 2019 following widespread anti-government protests, arguing that the government … This uniform was worn until about 2005 when the force switched to a slightly modernized version of the Winter Uniform, to be worn all year round. A Sam Browne belt is worn too. In addition, these new vehicles show the Force crest on the front part of the vehicle, which the Force has not used in the design of new vehicles for the last two decades. [1] Policemen from different ethnic groups were assigned a different alphabetical letter before their batch numbers: "A" for Europeans, "B" for Indians, "C" for local Chinese who spoke Cantonese, and "D" for Chinese recruited from Shandong Province. Responsibility for law and order on the railway system, which runs through several Police Districts, is vested in the Railway District. Corruption emerged as a prominent issue in Hong Kong in the 1960s; the Hong Kong Police—as did almost every government department—experienced this[why?] Pursuant to the one country, two systems principle, HKPF is officially independent of the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China, which under usual circumstances may not interfere with Hong Kong's local law enforcement affairs. Superintendents also have a small white stripe fitted on the police hat. Senior Constable, Sergeant and Station Sergeant ranks had their ranks moved to their shoulder slides. An anti-government demonstrator walks past tear gas on Christmas Eve in Hong Kong, China, Dec. 24, 2019. The fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911 brought civil unrest, and the start of World War I in 1914 saw many European officers enlist and return to the United Kingdom. Carroll, John Mark. The most serious challenge to the force has been civil disorder. Traffic Police cars include TKW 2. For its determined and successful efforts in suppressing this lengthy insurrection, the Hong Kong Police were granted the "Royal" prefix in 1969. Until 1997, the St Edward's Crown was used in the insignia, when it was replaced with the Bauhinia flower crest of the Hong Kong government. Viewed from an institutional perspective, this research critically reviews the community policing programmes that were implemented in Hong Kong since late 1960s to present. At the time of its establishment, the police force consisted of thirty-two men. Pips were modified with the Bauhinia flower in the middle replacing the insignia from the Order of the Bath. Hong Kong Bank Scam and Internet Investigation Unit. A chief inspector in Hong Kong generally assists the superintendent of police in commanding the police divisions and headquarters. In 1961, the responsibility for immigration, customs, and excise duties passed out of the duties of the Hong Kong Police Force. The Hong Kong Police Force and SDU have also appeared in popular video game series such as Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Siege and Sleeping Dogs. [14][15] Following Chris Tang's appointment as the Commissioner of Police in November 2019, the police force changed its motto from "We serve with pride and care", which had been used for more than 20 years, to "Serving Hong Kong with honour, duty and loyalty. The ethnic composition of the inaugural force consisted of mixed Chinese, European nationals or Indians. The Sikhs however continued to be distinguished by red turbans. Motives and opportunities for corruption were many and varied, but mainly included poor pay and worries about China invading and abolishing pensions, while opportunities resulted from the vibrant growth in economic progress and its industrious, self-starting people were forming thousands of small street-level businesses all ripe for "protection.". [3] The crest was also changed, replacing the royal crown with a bauhinia emblem. The Royal Hong Kong Police Force (RHKP) reverted to its former name after the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to People's Republic of China. Most police vehicles in Hong Kong are equipped with both red and blue emergency vehicle lighting. For … Prior to 1995, the British Army had operated the border patrol. By 1900 dark blue had become standard, although the style and headdress still varied according to the race of the police officer concerned. For several decades, Hong Kong was a 'rough-and-tumble' port with a 'wild west' attitude to law and order. Chief inspector is a rank which is not used by the police forces in most of the countries. [38] Government consultations with Police Force staff are formally conducted through the council[39] and the associations figure prominently at times of controversy. Uniform colour was black, however officers who had received a Commissioner of Police Commendation, or HE Governor's Commendation, were issued with and could wear a plaited black, yellow and red (Force colours) lanyard (for CP's Commendation) or red for Governor's. Piracy on the seas was a constant challenge for the Water Police. Besides the richness of a variety of delicious foods, romantic sunsets of Capri, the golden voice of Luciano Pavarotti and other classical music legends, the sound of the Opera and mandolins all around that fill the atmosphere and the gifts of ancient history that the mangnifico Italia boasts ,Italy is also home to THE ITALIAN MAFIA. In the 2010s, the police force played a prominent role in relation to the 2014 Hong Kong protests and 2019–20 Hong Kong protests. Hong Kong's High Court ruled on Nov. 19 that the city government had failed to provide an independent mechanism to handle police complaints, breaching the Asian financial hub's Bill of Rights on torture and cruel treatment. Chief Inspectors have a wide black stripe fitted on their police hats. Winter Uniform: Cornflower blue (or white, for commissioned officers) shirts with necktie, worn under a navy blue tunic and Sam Browne Belt, with navy blue uniform trousers. From the return of HKPF, all patrol officers and inspectors had their whistle taken off. EU is like this: EUKW 23. Numerous associations of serving and retired police officers have been formed over the years. Consequently, many members of the force were equally rough individuals. It was established by the British Hong Kong government on 1 May 1844. [40], The HKPF continues to use similar ranks and insignia to those used in British police forces. The headgear worn during the 19th century varied according to ethnicity: the whites wore kepis, the Sikh Indians had turbans, and the Chinese wore a form of straw conical Asian hat. [18] Police corruption again emerged as a major concern in the early 1970s when the Commissioner ordered investigations to break the culture of corruption, causing forty-odd officers to flee Hong Kong with more than HK$80 million cash (about HK$2 million each). In warmer weather, reflective vests with white sleeves are an alternative. [8] By October 1842, an organised police force (still under the direction of Caine who was also Chief Magistrate) was routinely bringing criminals before the courts for trial. The Hong Kong Police Force has ordered 10 new electric scooters for their officers to help reduce pollution in central Hong Kong. [14] Edwina Lau, Deputy Commissioner of Police (National Security), is tasked to head the unit. Senior Superintendents and Chief Superintendents have a wide white stripe on their hats, Assistant and Senior Assistant Commissioners have 1 row of silver oak leaves on the edge of their hats while Deputy Commissioner and Commissioner has 2 rows of silver oak leaves, a slide with a silver vertical line on the collar of the uniform, a black baton, and a red whistle or a black and white whistle on the front right pocket. [18][19], More recently, the Hong Kong Police Force has faced extensive allegations of misconduct during the 2019 protests including excessive force,[20][21] brutality,[22] torture,[23] and falsified evidence. Strong leadership, both of Hong Kong and of the force, began to pay dividends towards the latter part of the 19th century, and business prospered accordingly. It took the determined stance of Governor MacLehose, together with Commissioner Charles Payne Sutcliffe, to instigate the firmest of measures to eradicate syndicated corruption—and the establishment of the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) in 1974 was the prime one. The independence of Hong Kong's judiciary is seen as crucial to its role as an international financial hub and an interface between mainland China's closed capital system and the rest of the world. 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